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Shaping the gut microbiota by bioactive phytochemicals: An emerging approach for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.

Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, Estonia. Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute-CSIR, Lucknow, 226001, India. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia. Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, 173101, HP, India. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China. Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi, 221305, India. Department of Bio Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science &Technology, Hisar, India. Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hrkhka@gmail.com. Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK. Electronic address: Vijai.Gupta@sruc.ac.uk. Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, Estonia. Electronic address: bn.singh@nbri.res.in. Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran. Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Biochimie. 2022;:38-63
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Abstract

The human digestive tract is the cottage to trillions of live microorganisms, which regulate health and illness. A healthy Gut Microbiota (GM) is necessary for preventing microbial growth, body growth, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and enhancing immunity. The equilibrium in GM's composition and the presence/absence of critical species enable specific responses to be essential for the host's better health condition. Research evidences revealed that the dietary plants and their bioactive phytochemicals (BPs) play an extensive and critical role in shaping the GM to get beneficial health effects. BPs are also known to improve gastrointestinal health and reduce the risk of several diseases by modulating GM-mediated cellular and molecular processes. Regular intake of BPs-rich vegetables, fruits, and herbal preparations promotes probiotic bacteria, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species, while inhibiting unwanted gut residents' development Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium etc. Upon consumption, BPs contact the GM that gets transformed before being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Biotransformation of BPs by GM is linked with the enhancement of bioactivity/toxicity diminishment of the BPs compared to parental phytochemicals. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of BPs in shaping GM for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.

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Publication Type : Review

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